Story of the seed 7

In order for a plant to reproduce it must go through fertilization. The main thing in fertilization is pollen, which is brought to a flower either from a bee or the wind. The place in which the pollen starts out at is the anther. The pollen is then transferred to the stigma, part of the pistil, which is the part of the flower that receives pollen Only certain flowers such as the brassica oleracea has both male and female parts. In the stigma there is a tube that leads right down to the ovary(which has the ovules(eggs). Only the ovule and pollen can combine to create seeds.

This is the flower that I dissected, It is a Brassica oleracea .













This image shows a 360 view of all the anthers around the stigma.  The anther basically produces pollen and generates it. Surrounded by the anthers is the stigma which germinates whatever comes from the anther.

This images shows the ovary and the ovules coming out.  Also everything has been removed.

Blog post #7

This picture shows the anthers all around the stigma on this flower. The anther is piece of the stamen that generates and produces pollen. Surrounded by anthers is the stigma, which germinates that comes from the anthers. The stigma is a part of the female reproductive organ.

This image shows the stamen. The stamen is also the pollen reproducing organ, it has 2 parts to it, the stalk and anthers.

In this image you can see the female anatomy also known as Carpel. Carpel is a seed bearing leaf like structure that makes up the pistil.

This flower is the end result the ovary and ovules coming out and everything having been removed.





From this dissection I learned how plants fertilize themselves . Self pollination is the first step in the process, but isn't too common, but plants that aren't able to obtain themselves they get fertilized from wind and animals. An example, a bee will come to a flower and leaves it pollen on the flower. So when the bee moves the plant will be able to pollinate itself. Finally, the pollen is able to reach the ovaries it will form a zygote and then create its own seed.

"How does your garden grow" Blog Post #6: Ethan Short

Today I have noticed how big our have grown. When we started this project in the beginning of the year and it was a tiny seed, now it is a fully grown and healthy plant. When I went outside to check out plant, I noticed that there was some biomass around the plants. I saw that there was a lot of sunlight, cause we live in California, and then I thought that photosynthesis obviously helped our plant to grow to the size that it is now. The sun created a sugar in our plants that helped to also grow bigger. I find it very interesting how photosynthesis and cellular respiration help each other. During photosynthesis, the plant needs carbon dioxide and water, both of which are released into the air during cellular respiration. During respiration, the plant needs oxygen and glucose, which are both produced through photosynthesis. In the stroma of a chloroplast, the plant cell structure responsible for photosynthesis, is the enzyme rubisco, which makes up half of the soluble protein of most leaves. A cell makes enzymes through protein synthesis. Protein synthesis can me made by transcription and translation. During transcription, the DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base-pairing, and an enzyme called RNA polymerase II catalyzes the formation of a pre mRNA molecule, which is then processed to form mature mRNA. The resulting mRNA is a single stranded copy of the gene, which next must be translated into a protein molecule. During translation, which is the second major step in gene expression, the mRNA is "red" according to the genetic code, which relates the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in proteins. Each group of three bases in mRNA constitutes a codon, and each codon specifies a particular amino acid. The mRNA sequence is then used as a template to assemble in order the chain of amino acids that form a protein.

Blog Post #7-Ethan Short

           Pollination and subsequent fertilization of the ovules in the plants such as Brassica Oleracea  are big processes in producing a viable seed. Pollination, the movement of pollen from the anthers to the stigma, is essential for seed set and is a big part in seed production. Important information for any seed grower is to know is whether the seed crop species that they are producing is predominately self-pollinated or cross-pollinated. Self–pollinated plants have come to have perfect flowers that remain closed throughout the pollination process. These perfect flowers have anthers which are close to the stigma allowing easy transfer of pollen to the stigmatic surface. This short journey for pollen to move from anther to stigma of the same flower often requires some external movement like wind to stimulate good pollen coverage of the stigma. Any grower producing a tomato crop in the greenhouse knows that the plants need a physical shaking or stiff air flow in order to achieve successful pollination and subsequent plant set on their crop. Cross-pollinated species require genetic mixing between individuals of a population in order to remain genetically sound. All cross-pollinated crop species rely on either wind or insects for pollen movement. All cross-pollinated crop species have flowers that open before pollen shed and receptivity. It is important that all of these species have adequate pollen availability during the flowering period. The next step in this process leads to the fertilization of the ovules which become the seeds. After the pollen lands on the stigma, the receptive tip of the female parts of the flower, it must germinate and form a pollen tube which grows down through the style to reach the ovary. Each pollen tube that successfully reaches the ovary delivers one male gamete to fertilize an egg cell and one to fertilize in a single ovule resulting in the formation of one seed. This fertilization event requires good environmental conditions and for fruit with multiple ovules a number of independent fertilization events must occur to insure good seed set. In most seed crops this growth and maturation of seed occurs in 40 to 60 days.

This plant is a Brassica Sp before our dissected the plants. Once these plants are fully fertilized, they usually turn into plants such as vegetables, cabbages, and mustard plants.

This is a picture of the ovule. Is the part of the flower that turns into a seed. The ovule turns into a seed after the process of fertilization occurs in the flower/plant.

In this picture, I am showing you the stamen. The stamen is the male reproductive system of a plant/flower. This part contains the anthers and the filaments. The purpose of the stamen is to protect and cover up the pollen so that it does not get blown away.

This is a picture of the pistil. The pistil is made up of the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule. The pistil is the female reproductive system of the plant/flower. This part helps to reproduce the plant over and over again.

In this picture, I am showing you the stigma. The stigma is the receptor of pollen that sticks to the top of the stigma. This part of the flower sits on top of the carpel. Together, the stigma and the carpel make the pistil.

In this picture, I am showing you what the anthers look like. The anthers are used to produce and bear the pollen of the flower. The anthers sit on top of the filament which when both are put together they are called the Stamen.

Blog post 7

Here is our flower before even dissecting.

This image shows the anthers around the stigma on the flower.  The anther is a part of the stamen that produces pollen.  The stigma, which is surrounded by anthers, germinates the pollen that comes from the anthers.  The stigma is also a part of the female reproductive organ of the plant.



This picture shows the stamen. The stamen is the pollen producing reproductive organ, it has 2 parts, the anthers and the stalk.  When undergoing meiosis it produces pollen.





















In this picture you can see the female anatomy known as the Carpel.  The Carpel is the seed bearing leaf like structure that make up the pistil.


This is the flower with everything removed and the ovary opened and the ovules coming out.



From all this I eventually learned how plants fertilize.  First off there is something called self pollination which isn't super common, but for plants that can't obtain pollen themselves they get it from animals or wind.  For example, a bee will come over to a flower and as it leaves it has pollen on it, so when it moves to the next flower it will have pollen on it and it may be pollinated. Once the pollen reaches the ovaries it will from a zygote and then create a seed.